100 THINGS // COLLECT & COMMUNICATE

100 THINGS I FOUND INTERESTING

1. Lost City is a term that is generally considered to refer to a well-populated area which fell into terminal decline, became extensively or completely uninhabited, and whose location has been forgotten. 
2. Cities may become lost for a variety of reasons including natural disasters, economic or social upheaval, or war
3. From my survey I learned more people had heard of the Myths than the actual discovered Lost Cities
4. There are well over 150 Lost Cities / Ruins we know about.
5.  My Survey shows most people had heard of the Big names like Atlantis, Eldorado, Trot, Angkor, Machu Picchu and Pompeii
6. My Survey showed nobody had heard of Palmyra or Palenque
7. My survey shows 18% of people have visited a lost city. These cities were: Angkor, Machu Picchu, Pompeii and Ephesus.
8. My survey shows most people thought we had only discoverd 30-50 lost cities where in fact we have well over 150.
9. The Mesoamerican ballgame or Tlatchtli in Náhuatl was a sport with ritual associations played since 1,000 B.C
10. The rules of the ballgame are not known, but judging from its descendant, ulama, they were probably similar to racquetball.where the aim is to keep the ball in play. The stone ballcourt goals are a late addition to the game. This later addition of the game changed the game entirely though, since an immediate win could be attained from them by tossing the balls in the ring, or points could be scored by simply tossing the ball so that it touched the ring. 
11. In the most widespread version of the game, the players struck the ball with their hips, although some versions allowed the use of forearms, rackets, bats, or hand stones. The ball was made of solid rubber and weighed as much as 4 kg (9 lbs), and sizes differed greatly over time or according to the version played. 
12. The game had important ritual aspects, and major formal ballgames were held as ritual events, often featuring human sacrifice. The sport was also played casually for recreation by children and perhaps even women
13. In some places in the world they actually sink towns on purpose.
14. El dorado "The Golden One" (Spanish) is the name of a Muisca tribal chief who covered himself with gold dust and, as an initiation rite, dived into a highland lake.
15. Later it became the name of a legendary "Lost City of Gold" that has fascinated – and so far eluded – explorers since the days of the Spanish Conquistadors. Though many have searched for years on end to find this city of gold, no evidence of such a place has been found.
16. Imagined as a place, El Dorado became a kingdom, an empire, and the city of this legendary golden king. In pursuit of the legend city, Francisco Orellana and Gonzalo Pizarro departed from Quito in 1541 in a famous and disastrous expedition towards the Amazon Basin, as a result of which Orellana became the first person known to navigate the Amazon River all the way to its mouth.
17. The Muisca towns and their treasures quickly fell to the conquistadores. Taking stock of their newly won territory, the Spaniards realized that — in spite of the quantity of gold in the hands of the Indians — there were no golden cities, nor even rich mines, since the Muiscas obtained all their gold in trade. But at the same time, the Spanish began to hear stories of El Dorado from captured Indians, and of the rites which used to take place at the lagoon of Guatavita.
18. The story of El Dorado does not stop in the Middle Ages only. The explorers later centuries are still trying to find the golden city. Even so, attention to lake Guatavita never subside. In 1911, a manufacturer of gold again tried his luck on the lake Guatavita. They managed to remove most of the lake water to make a tunnel and sluice. However, lake mud and rain immediately hardens quickly fill the lake again. They only found a few gold objects are then auctioned off to pay its investors.
19. In subsequent years, interest in search of El Dorado seems to be reduced. Most people begin to think that El Dorado may be just a legend. In fact there is one opinion which says that the Indians who told about El Dorado may have lied to divert the attention of the conquerors of their villages. However, a big clue came in 1969. Two workers who were digging in a small cave near Bogota accidentally discovered a gold statue. The statue is shaped raft with a figure of a chief and eight men who were riding on it.
20. Today, Lake Guatavita looks lonely. Even the tourists were rarely plasticity. Some time ago, the Government of Columbia decided to close the area because people often throw rubbish into it or wash the car there. There is only one officer assigned to control the lake.
21.  The tribal leader would cover himself in gold and sail out into the lake and throw gold into the lake as an offering
22.   Sak Ch’een, lord of Motul de San Jose c.8th century, dressed as a ball player with a large yoke, painted deerskin hip guards, and elaborate headdress
23.  Atlantis is a lost city under the sea still yet to be discovered
24. A war once took place between the Athenians and the Atlanteans The Athenians apparently came from Athens.
25. The Atlanteans apparently came from an island beyond the pillars of Hercules (Straights of Gibraltar)
26. The war took place 9,000 years before the time of writing which was approximately 2,500 years before today – so in effect 11,500 years ago.
27. Atlantis was allegedly an island greater in size than Libya and Asia combined.
28. Atlantis was eventually destroyed by an earthquake.
29. The story had been forgotten by the Athenians because of a great deluge whereby only the illiterate people of the mountains had survived.
30. Many floods had taken place during the 9,000 years prior to the recording of the story.
31. There were once more springs that disappeared after an earthquake.
32. Poseidon’s first child (born on Atlantis) was named Atlas and the ocean around the Island was named Atlantic.
33. There were a great number of elephants on the Island.
34. Three kinds of stone, one red, one black and one white were quarried on the Island of Atlantis.
35. Poseidon’s temple at the centre had a barbaric appearance and the roof (interior) was made of Ivory.
36. The land was divided into ten kingdoms each with its own city.
37. No King was to ever make war on another Atlantean King.
38. This rule lasted for a great time but in the end the Kings became victim to mortal desires and sins.
39.  Lost civilizations really still exist. New discoveries are happening even as you read this. Places like the Nazca Lines Google Earth can now be clearly seen. New cities have just been found in the Amazon. Just because we haven't found Atlantis doesn't mean we never will.
    According to Graham Hancock, author of Underworld; (since the last ice age) “More than 15 million square miles of habitable land were submerged underwater, resulting in a radical change to the Earth’s shape and the conditions in which people could live.”
40.  America has the most lost cities in the world, such as : Machu Picchu
41. Ancient Greek boxing dates back to at least the eighth century BC (Homer's Iliad), and was practiced in a variety of social contexts in different Greek city-states. Most extant sources about ancient Greek boxing are fragmentary or legendary, making it difficult to reconstruct the rules, customs and history surrounding this activity in great detail. Still, it is clear that gloved boxing bouts were a significant part of ancient Greek athletic culture throughout the early classical period 
42. Ancient Greeks loved sport and most cities in Ancient Greece had public gymnasiums where people gathered to train and relax. 
43.  Chariot racing was one of the most popular ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine sports
44. Chariot racing was one of the most popular ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine sports. Chariot racing was often dangerous to both driver and horse as they frequently suffered serious injury and even death, but generated strong spectator enthusiasm. In the ancient Olympic Games, as well as the other Panhellenic Games, the sport was one of the most important equestrian events.
45. In the Roman form of chariot racing, teams represented different groups of financial backers and sometimes competed for the services of particularly skilled drivers. These teams became the focus of intense support among spectators, and occasional disturbances broke out between followers of different factions. The conflicts sometimes became politicized, as the sport began to transcend the races themselves and started to affect society overall. This helps explain why Roman and later Byzantine emperors took control of the teams and appointed many officials to oversee them.
46. The sport faded in importance after the fall of Rome in the West, surviving only for a time in the Byzantine Empire, where the traditional Roman factions continued to play a prominent role for some time, gaining influence in political matters. Their rivalry culminated in the Nika riots, which marked the gradual decline of the sport.
47.  Diaulos was a double-stadion race (ca. 400 m.) introduced in the 14th Olympiad of the ancient Olympics (724 BC). Scholars debate whether or not the runners had individual "turning" posts for the return leg of the race, or whether all the runners approached a common post, turned, and then raced back to the starting line
48. The discus throw is the subject of a number of well-known ancient Greek statues and Roman copies such as the Discobolus and Discophoros.
49. Dolichos or Dolichus  in ancient Olympics was a long-race (ca. 4800 m) introduced in 720 BC. Separate accounts of the race present conflicting evidence as to the actual length of the dolichos. However, the average stated length of the race was approximately 18-24 laps, or about three miles.
50. The course would often flank important shrines and statues in the sanctuary, passing by the Nike statue by the temple of Zeus before returning to the stadium.
51. The hoplitodromos or hoplitodromia ("race of soldiers") was an ancient foot race, part of the Olympic Games and the other Panhellenic Games. It was the last foot race to be added to the Olympics, first appearing at the 65th Olympics in 520 BC, and was traditionally the last foot race to be held.
52. Unlike the other races, which were generally run in the nude, the hoplitodromos required competitors to run wearing the helmet and greaves of the hoplite infantryman from which the race took its name. Runners also carried the aspis, the hoplites' bronze-covered wood shield, bringing the total encumbrance to at least 50 pounds. As the hoplitodromos was one of the shorter foot races, the heavy armor and shield was less a test of endurance than one of sheer muscular strength. After 450 BC, the use of greaves was abandoned; however, the weight of the shield and helmet remained substantial.^[2]
53.  The long jump was one of the events of the pentathlon of the original Olympics in Ancient Greece. The long jump was the only known jumping event in these Ancient Olympic Games. All events that occurred at the Olympic Games were initially supposed to act as a form of training for warfare. The long jump emerged probably because it mirrored the crossing of obstacles such as streams and ravines.
54. The athletes carried a weight in each hand, which were called halteres (between 1 and 4.5 kg). These weights were swung forward as the athlete jumped in order to increase momentum. It is commonly believed that the jumper would throw the weights behind him in mid-air to increase his forward momentum; however, halteres were held throughout the duration of the jump.  
    
55.  Pankration was a martial art introduced into the Greek Olympic Games in 648 BC and founded as a blend of boxing and wrestling but with almost no rules save disallowing biting and gouging the opponent's eyes out.
56. The Ancient Olympic pentathlon was an athletic contest at the Ancient Olympic Games, and other Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece. The name derives from Greek, combining the words pende (five) and -athlon (competition). Five events were contested over one day, starting with the long jump, javelin throw, and discus throw, followed by the stadion (a short foot race) and wrestling. Pentathletes were considered to be among the most skilled athletes, and their training was often part of military service—each of the five events was thought to be useful in battle. 
57. It was the first documented type of pentathlon, a competition composed of five distinct events, and was the precursor to all competitions of this type, to which it lends its name.
58. Greek wrestling, also known as Ancient Greek wrestling and Pále (πάλη), was the most popular organized sport in Ancient Greece. A point was scored when one player touched the ground with his back,hip,shoulder,or tapped out due to a submission-hold or was forced out of the wrestling-area. Three points had to be scored to win the match.
59. One particularly important position in this form of wrestling was one where one of the contestants was lying on his belly with the other on his back trying to strangle him. The athlete on the bottom would try to grasp an arm of the one on top and turn him over onto his back while the athlete on top would try to complete the choke without being rolled.
60. The Olympics were part of a religious event. They were held in honor of Zeus, the father of the gods and were a big celebration.
61. The Greeks believed that a healthy body was very important. Most men and boys practiced sports every day because they enjoyed them and wanted to keep fit. 
62. Sport was a good preparation for war too. The Greek armies had to be fit enough to march long distances, carrying all their heavy equipment, and then begin the fight with the enemy.
63. The Greeks had four national sports festivals, where athletes from different city states competed against one another. The most important of the sports contests was the Olympic Games. These were played at Olympia, every four years, in honour of Zeus. On the first day of the Olympics, sacrifices of grain, wine, and lambs were made to Zeus.
64.  Unlike the modern Olympics, judges did not come from all over the Greek world, but were drawn from Elis, the local region which included Olympia. The number of judges increased to 10 as more events were added to the Olympics
65.  Even though the judges were all Eleans, local Elean Greeks were still allowed to compete in the Olympics. The Elean people had such a reputation for fairness that an Elean cheating at the Games was a shock to other Greeks.
66. The Games were held in a village called Olympia 
67. Greece is the home country of the Olympic Games. Olympia, a Greek city, was known to be a very important centre of athletics. The Olympic games, held there every four years, were so important in Greek life that they were used as the basis for the Greek calendar. The first recorded Ancient Olympic Games were in 776 BC